Osblog623

In the following guide, we provide step-by-step instructions on setting up and running MOSAIC on OS X. To simplify the isntallation, we use Homebrew_ to install some required dependencies. Homebrew_requires Apple command line tools, but will directly prompt you to install it on set up.

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1. Installing Homebrew

First we will install Homebrew, a useful package manager, to help install some of the dependencies required by MOSAIC. You will need administrator access for this step. In the OS X Terminal, run the following command:

Note, if the Apple command line tools are not installed, Homebrew_ will prompt you do so during installation.

Hint

To test if Homebrew is properly installed, run the following in the terminal: brewdoctor

To ensure that Homebrew_ is set up correctly, add the Homebrew_ directory to ~/.bash_profile. This can be done using the following command:

Hint

If you don’t have a .bash_profile file in your home directory, you can create one manually using a text editor.

Restart the terminal to update your shell.

2. Installing brewed Python and other neccessary packages

MOSAIC is written in Python_ 2.7+ and utilizes a number of different packages and utilities. In the following we’ll install a number of these (specifically, python, gcc, gfortran, qt, and pyQt4). With homebrew this is easy to do in one line! Run the following in the terminal:

At this point, it is a good idea to update the PYTHONPATH environment variable in ~/.bash_profile:

3. (Optional) Install and Setup Virtual Environment

It is generally a good practice to run MOSAIC from within a dedicated virtual environment. This minimizes conflicts with other installed programs. While we highly recommend this approach, it is not required to run MOSAIC. If you prefer to skip this, move on to the next step now.

To setup a virtual environment, we need two different packages: virtualenv, which creates the virtual environments, and virtualenvwrapper, a wrapper for virtualenv that simplifies set up and use.

To install these and set up the virtual enviroment wrapper, run the following in a shell:

Hint

Under Ubuntu, you may need install virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper as root. Simply prefix the command above with sudo.

If you would like virtualenvwrapper to be available each time you open a new terminal window, add the line below to ~/.bash_profile on OS X or ~/.bashrc on Linux.

Hint

Depending on the process used to install virtualenv, the path to virtualenvwrapper.sh may vary. Find the approporiate path by running $find/usr-namevirtualenvwrapper.sh. Adjust the line in your .bash_profile or .bashrc script accordingly.

Open a new shell to make the new virtual environment available. Now we are ready to create a virtual environment. You can choose any name for your virtual environment, here we name it MOSAIC:

Hint

We explicitly specify the Python installation to use. This is not mandatory, but is useful if you have multiple Python installations on your computer. The <path to python> may vary according to the specific version of python you wish to use. In most cases, this will be either /usr/local/bin/ or /usr/bin

4. Installing MOSAIC

Install using Setuptools

The command-line version of MOSAIC can be installed using pip as shown below. Any additional dependencies required by MOSAIC will be installed automatically.

Note

Installing the graphical interface requires one to install MOSAIC from the source distribution as outlined below.

Install from a Downloaded Source Distribution

First we need to obtain the MOSAIC source code. For analyzing publication data, we recommend downloading the latest stable version of the source code (`download source`_). Alternatively, the latest development version can be downloaded from the `MOSAIC page on Github`_. Here we will show you how to set up MOSAIC from the latest stable release:

1. Download the latest release (`download source`_)

2. Create a directory for the project source. In this case we will create a directory called MOSAIC, located in ~/projects/, where ‘~’ is your home directory.

3. Navigate to the directory:

4. Extract the source into this folder.

5. Make sure you are working in the virtual environment we set up in the previous step by typing:

Note

You will notice that (MOSAIC) now appears in front of the $ prompt in your shell. This inidicates that the virtual environment is active. We have employed this notation to indicate commands that should be run from inside the virtual environment.

6. MOSAIC and its dependencies are built using setuptools. Navigate to ~/projects/MOSAIC/ and run the following:

7. Finally, add the installation directory (~/projects/MOSAIC as set up previously) to your PYTHONPATH as shown below. This addition can be made permanent by adding the line below to your .bash_profile (OS X) or .bashrc (Ubuntu) script.

5. Testing MOSAIC

To test the MOSAIC installation, in the MOSAIC directory type

Verify that all tests pass as seen below

forMac OS X,Tenon PowerMachTen,Linux and other compatible Unix-like OSes

Welcome to Floodgap's Mosaic-CK page, my local hacked-up port of Mosaic tobring it into the modern World Wide Web context. Although Mosaic-CK startedas my simple effort to port NCSA Mosaic to my Power MachTen systems, I have decided toexpand the project to allow people to experiment and play with this historicbrowser package in the 21st century.

The current version is 2.7ck11(change-log), basedon the Unix source for 2.7b5, released 24 October 2015.Pleaseread the NCSA license before use.NCSA does not support this port; please send your comments and requests tockaiser@floodgap.com.

What was NCSA Mosaic?

Mosaic is widely considered the grandfather of the modern web browser.Developed at the National Centerfor Supercomputing Applications at the University of IllinoisUrbana-Champaign, it was the first Web browser to win widespread use andacceptance. Although it was not the first browser with a graphicalinterface (that was Erwise), nor the first to mix graphics with text (thatwas ViolaWWW), it established the conventions of a typical web browser thatwe still use today, and in the form of Spyglass Mosaic even became part ofMicrosoft Internet Explorer until version 7. NCSA discontinued support forMosaic in 1997.

Mosaic supports a superset of HTML 2.0 (RFC 1866), with support for formwidgets and basictables and some of the Netscape-specific formattingextensions. The final version also included support for PNG, GIF andJPEG images. It was discontinued on the eve of HTML 3.2 (REC-html32)in 1997, although it necessarily does include some of that standard,particularly body styling. It does not include CSS support, nor Java orJavaScript, nor frames. Click the screenshot for a 56K image ofMosaic-CK rendering contemporary websites, including Google and Wikipedia.

Why use Mosaic?

Mosaic uses a very old rendering engine, and porting the entire length andbreadth of HTML 5 to it would essentially require a complete rewrite.This makes it a bad choice for modern computers which can almost certainlyrun something more full-featured and compatible.However, its older core is well-suited to older machines and olderoperating systems with poorer compatibility (viz., can't run a modernGUI toolkit) or less processing power, and therendering core still supports enough of a view of modern web sites to allowit to be functional, even if it's not attractive. Mosaic-CK's goal is tobe 'Lynxwith graphics' -- a graphical interface but a fast, basic HTMLrendering core reminiscent of that beloved text browser.Click the screenshot for an 80K image of Mosaic-CK renderingxkcd on Mac OS X.

Why a Mosaic branch?

NCSA no longer supports Mosaic, although it offered it as open source fornon-commercial applications (Mosaic is not under GPL). Sinceit was not maintained since 1997, it has not kept pace with the modern Webor modern computer systems in even an elemental sense;for example, it breaks under current versions of libpng, it does notsupport UTF-8 or Unicode, and it doesnot know what to do with character sets in MIME types (treating them asbinary files and essentially making those pages unviewable).

To incorporate these and otherfixes, I spun off 2.7b5, the last version of Mosaic released for Unixplatforms, into my own Mosaic-CK branch to mark it as distinct. I also wantedto add support for my own systems and other operating systems that the originalMosaic did not build on, but to also preserve the original feel of Mosaicas a historical model on modern computing environments.

Mosaic-CK is not the only branch of Mosaic that is still being developed;VMS Mosaic isstill being maintained for OpenVMS systems.

What's different about Mosaic-CK?

VMS Mosaic isdesigned to be a very evolved Mosaic with many modern featuresand a greatly augmented rendering core. (George would love it if you triedto build it on other OSes, too -- don't be scared by those three lettersV-M-S.)

Mosaic-CK, on the other hand, is consciously a two-headed beast: by defaulta basic, functional browser, but also designed to serve as an educational andhistorical simulation. If you use the default alternative renderer,then you get a standards-aware browser that improves on Mosaic withUTF-8 and Unicode partial support, better layout and extended HTML parsingcapabilities. If you use the classic renderer, however, you see thepage almost exactly as the original Mosaic would have seen it, but in bothrenderers getting the benefits of updated, current OS integration, morerobust network code and better protocol support: the best of both worlds.And you can switch rendering on the fly (under Options, Use ClassicRenderer).

As the early days of theInternet and World Wide Web become more obscure and ill-remembered,Mosaic-CK's classic renderer preserves the feel and style of thosedistant, more simple times, while simultaneously with itsenhanced alternativerenderer coming closer and closer to its goal of 'Lynxwith graphics' -- a GUI and built-in image support, but a fast, basic HTMLcore that views pages in an efficient, utilitarian text-basedmanner. This is whatsets Mosaic-CK apart from other browsers and Mosaic forks today.

Will it build on {Linux,*BSD,Mac OS X,...}?

The current version builds on Mac OS X, Linuxand probably others since the changeswere more for gcc than anything specific to these OSes. Still, thereis no guarantee it will run on other contemporary operating systems andI'm working on porting it to them too, butthey also already have access to current browser software, sopreserving back compatibility for older machines right now is more important.The only reason I did a Mac OS X build right off the batis that testing is a lot quicker onmy G5, which helps to preserve my sanity. Because I knowthat Common Desktop Environmenthas Motif, CDE systems have priority simply because it's less work.

Binary releases of Mosaic-CK

It is my plan to release, where reasonable or possible, binaries for thesupported architectures. However, you should consider building it fromscratch yourself (see below), just in case.

• Mac OS X (Universal i386/ppc binary, 10.4+)

  This version includes MotifMacLauncher, a shell that puts the Mosaicapp in your dock, starts X11.app orXQuartz.app if it's not already running,and allows you to switch to and from the app as if it were a regularMac application. Thanks to Eric Brown for the icon!

  You must have X11 for OS X installed first (for 10.6+,use XQuartz;for 10.4-10.5, check on your OS X CDs, or in/Applications/Utilities), and then install our fork ofOpenMotif-Macfrom Sourceforge for your version of OS X. No restart required.To start, simply double click the executable. See the Readmefile for more. 10.4 through 10.11 are supported, on Intel and PowerPC.

  Mosaic-2.7ck11-UB.zip(1.7MB)

  (Previous versions used IST OpenMotif, but due to SIP restrictions theirdistribution no longer works with El Capitan, so we're maintaining our own.You should install IST OpenMotif for earlier versions, however, and you canhave both installed simultaneously on the same system.)

• Power MachTen

  Because this relies on how much memory you have, and because certainprerequisites are strongly recommended, I'm not providing MachTen binarieson purpose to force people to update their installations. Update your environment,then build from source (see below). Think of it as tough love.

How to build Mosaic-CK

You will require the following libraries and tools to build Mosaic-CK:

• X11R5 or higher. It will not run on X11R4 or previous versions.
• Motif X libraries, 1.2 or higher. You can also useOpenMotif 2.1.31or higher, and possibly even older versions.If you are on a system with Common Desktop Environment, suchas HP/UX or AIX, you have this already. MachTen also includes Motif built-in.If you are building on Mac OS X, use theMacversions from IST (10.4 for 10.4, or 10.5 for 10.5-10.10).
• libjpeg (6b or higher)
• zlib (1.2.3 or higher) (prerequisite for libpng)
• libpng (1.2.35 or higher)
• A working C compiler and make (tested on gcc 2.7 and up)

The Makefile

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suite is designed to be system-specific: simply

make architecture

will start the process. Although Mosaic-CK contains all the historicalarchitectures that Mosaic formerly supported, I am supremely doubtful itwill build as it did on all of them, so they are unsupported. Ifit works for you, great -- tell me and I will promote those architectures.Right now, only the following targets are supported:

• make ppcmt (Power MachTen)

  This port builds a statically-linked Mosaic, and assumes thatlibpng and libjpeg are installed in /opt andzlib is installed in /usr (seeinstalling recommended basepackages for MachTen andbuilding libpngand libjpeg in MachTen). At least 256MB ofRAM is required to run Mosaic-CKin its default formdue to its stack space requirement. If you want to run it on asystem with less memory, you will need to reduce the -Xlstacksetting in makefiles/Makefile.ppcmtby a corresponding amount. At least 32MB of stack is required for Mosaic-CKto even start (it will crash if you set this too low),so it will not run well (if at all) on systems with less than 64MB of RAM.

  For some sites the default stack space is still not enough. If you getrandom crashes on sites you visit frequently, recompile it with a bigger-Xlstack.

  IMPORTANT! Starting with ck9,when you unpack the tarball, exclude themotifmaclauncher/ directory -- this can cause MachTen to crash!Use a command line such as

• make osx (Mac OS X)

  This port builds a partially statically-linked Mosaic. It requiresOpenMotif-Mac 2.1.31+ to be installed to /Applications/OpenMotif21,and expectszlib, libpng and libjpeg to be installed instandard .a libraries to /usr/local (i.e., libraries in/usr/local/lib, include files to /usr/local/include, etc.).It is known to run on 10.4+, but there is nothing to prevent it from runningon Panther, or evenJaguar if you still have the X11 Beta. It probably will not run on 10.1or earlier.

  This build script builds for your home architecture only (i.e., it does notmake a Universal binary). If you want to make a Universal executable, youcan use make uosx, but this requires that the .a librariesfor libz, libpng and libjpeg also have been builtas Universal which does not happen by default. I don't recommend this to thecasual builder. If you want information on this,send me E-mail.

  Versions ck9 and later havea motifmaclauncher/ folder containing an Xcode project for buildingthe shell application package. It can be built with Xcode 2.5 or later, butversions without PowerPC compilation will inexplicably fail (you will need toalter the Xcode project to build for Intel only, and if you don't like this,my G5 says phbbbbbbt).Build the raw executable first, then build the Xcode project; it willincorporate the executable into its app package to make a distributablestand-alone unit.

• make linux

  This port, graciously contributed by Jeroen Schot, restores currentLinux support;although tested on Debian 5.0 it should work on any modern distro. This portshould build a partiallydynamically-linked Mosaic, although I do not run Linux locallyand you should consider this port experimental.You must have already installed OpenMotif2.1.31+ or compatible, as well as zlib, libpng, andlibjpeg. Chances are your distro includes most of this already.It should compile on any architecture supported by Linux, not just x86.If you build a publicly-available RPM, DEB or other package, I would liketo link to it or send people to it; pleasesend me E-mail.

More will be added.

DOWNLOAD SOURCE:mosaic27ck11-src.zip (1.1MB)

Bug reports and future improvements

Bug reports and suggestions are appreciated, with the understanding thatcompatibility for older operating systems is paramount -- if your patchrequires the latest and greatest gcc or toolkit, for example, itwill be rejected. Please wait for me to ask for yourdiff before sending it to me; drop me a line atckaiser@floodgap.com

Mosaic Mac Os X

and tell me what you have in mind first.

I do, however, gratefully accept Makefiles for other operating systemsand will incorporate them no questions asked if no source changes are neededto get it to compile. You should work with the sample ones inmakefiles/, copy and modify one to taste and/or success, and thenhook it up to the targets in the root Makefile.

Changelog for 2.7ck11

Compatibility changes for the future

• Test and build under CDE (has Motif). At least X11R5 is required forthis. I tried building it on AIX 4.1 but that only has X11R4, even thoughit has CDE and Motif.

Improvements to page rendering and core

This is, also, going to be intentionally limited -- if you want it to supportthe length and breadth of WebKit, you should be using WebKit. For example,I have no plans to make Mosaic-CK support JavaScript or frames. Like I said,Mosaic-CK's primary aspiration is to be 'Lynx with graphics.' Renderingimprovements will be part of the alternative renderer where possible.

• Continueto expand UTF-8 and Unicode translation tables (will do for sure, up to apoint)
• Improve proxy support even more (fix SOCKS, for one thing). (will dofor sure)
• Allow scrolling to a fragment (probably will do)
• Extend table support (might do in a limited sense)
• Very limited CSS/DOM for selecting colours, etc. (maybe)
• Fix SSL (maybe)

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Send love, kindly bug reports, Pink Floyd LPs and rare Commodore computers tockaiser@floodgap.com

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.Cameron Kaiser